IT Infrastructure & Solutions
IT Infrastructure & Solutions
1. Network Protocols and Standards:
Protocols : These are rules and procedures that govern communication between devices. They define data exchange formats, sequencing, and synchronization. Examples include TCP/IP, HTTP, and DNS.
Standards : These specify how devices must work together. Compliance with standards ensures compatibility and interoperability. Organizations like IEEE, ISO, and ANSI create these standards
2. Network Topologies :
Point-to-Point Topology : Simple communication between two nodes (sender and receiver).
Mesh Topology : Devices interconnected via dedicated channels (links). Provides robustness and reliability.
Star Topology : All devices connect to a central hub. Commonly used in LANs.
Bus Topology : Devices share a single communication line. Data packets are sent to all connected devices.
Ring Topology : Devices form a closed loop. Data circulates in one direction.
Tree Topology : Hierarchical structure with a root node and branches.
Hybrid Topology : A combination of different topologies
3. Network Devices :
Repeater : Regenerates weak signals to extend transmission distance.
Hub : Multi-port repeater that connects multiple devices. Broadcasts data to all connected devices.
Bridge : Operates at the data link layer, filtering content based on MAC addresses.
Switch : Efficiently forwards data based on MAC addresses. Reduces collision domains.
Router : Directs traffic between different networks. Works at the network layer.
Gateway : Connects different types of networks (e.g., LAN to WAN).
Brouter : Combines features of a bridge and a router.
NIC (Network Interface Card) : Hardware component that enables devices to connect to a network.
4. Network Security :
Firewall : Restricts internet traffic, controlling data flow in and out of a private network.
VPN (Virtual Private Network) : Provides secure communication over public networks.
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) : OMonitors network traffic for suspicious activity.
Encryption : Protects data confidentiality during transmission.
Access Control Lists (ACLs) : Define permissions for network resources.
Authentication and Authorization : Verify user identities and control access.